NMN molecular structure
NMN molecular structure
Approved
⏳Longevity

NMN

Also known as: Nicotinamide Mononucleotide, β-NMN, Beta-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide

MW

334.22 Da

Formula

C11H15N2O8P

Routes

5 routes

NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide) is a nucleotide derived from ribose and nicotinamide. It is a direct precursor to NAD+ — once absorbed, NMN is converted to NAD+ by the enzyme NMNAT in cells. NMN is one of the most studied NAD+ boosting compounds, with multiple human clinical trials demonstrating its ability to raise NAD+ levels by 40-100%. NMN is primarily taken orally as capsules or powder (250-1000 mg/day). Recent research has also explored subcutaneous injection for faster delivery. Unlike NAD+ itself, NMN has good oral bioavailability and is efficiently converted to NAD+ in the body. It is not a peptide but is widely used alongside peptide-based longevity protocols.

Research Use Only— For educational and research purposes only

Research Applications

Aging and Longevity

• Clinical trials show NMN supplementation increases blood NAD+ levels by 40-100% • Shown to improve age-related biomarkers including telomere length and epigenetic age • Supports sirtuin activation — a key pathway in longevity and caloric restriction mimicry

Metabolic Health

• Improves insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance in clinical studies • Enhances mitochondrial energy production and physical endurance • Supports healthy body composition and lipid metabolism • Reduces markers of chronic low-grade inflammation

Physical Performance

• Improves aerobic capacity and muscle oxygen utilization • Enhances exercise endurance in both animal models and human trials • Supports muscle NAD+ levels and post-exercise recovery

Neurological Health

• Supports cognitive function and brain energy metabolism • Preclinical neuroprotection in models of Alzheimer’s and ischemic brain injury • Enhances neuronal DNA repair and reduces neuroinflammation

Cardiovascular Health

• Supports vascular elasticity and endothelial function • Reduces arterial stiffness in aging • Improves cardiac energy metabolism

Mechanism of Action

NMN enters cells primarily after being converted to NR (nicotinamide riboside) by the enzyme CD73 on the cell surface. Inside the cell, NR is re-phosphorylated to NMN by NRK1/2 kinases. NMN is then converted to NAD+ by NMNAT enzymes. Some evidence also suggests direct transport of NMN via the Slc12a8 transporter in the gut. The resulting NAD+ activates sirtuins (SIRT1-7), PARPs (DNA repair enzymes), and CD38 — all critical regulators of aging, metabolism, and cellular stress response.

Dosage Information

Typical dosage ranges for research applications. Always verify with current literature.
Typical Dose
500 mg
Dose Range
250 - 1,000 mg
Frequency
Once daily, preferably in the morning

Reconstitution Notes

Available as capsules or powder. Can be taken with or without food. Sublingual administration may improve absorption.

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Calculation Results

Concentration
2.5 mg/ml
Dose Volume
0.1 ml0.100 ml
Insulin Syringe
10 units
Doses per Vial
2020 doses @ 250 mcg

Syringe Fill Level (100u syringe)

05010010.0uunits
0u10.0 / 100 units (10%)100u

Protocols

NAD+ Restoration Protocol
Beginner
⏳Anti-Aging
Ongoing — NAD+ levels return to baseline within 2-4 weeks after discontinuation. Most users supplement continuously as part of a longevity regimen.

Protocol for restoring cellular NAD+ levels using one of three interchangeable approaches: direct NAD+ administration, NMN supplementation, or Nicotinamide Riboside (NR). Choose ONE approach based on your budget, preferred route, and goals. NAD+, NMN, and NR all raise NAD+ levels — they are alternatives, not a stack. NAD+ levels decline ~50% between ages 40-60, contributing to aging, cognitive decline, and metabolic dysfunction. Restoring NAD+ supports DNA repair, mitochondrial function, sirtuin activation, and cellular energy production.

Dosage
Option A (NMN oral — most popular): 250-500 mg daily in the morning. Option B (NR oral — best researched): 250-500 mg daily with food. Option C (NAD+ injection — most potent): 50-100 mg subcutaneous 1-2x/week. Option D (NAD+ IV — clinical setting): 250-500 mg infusion 1x/week.
Frequency
Daily for oral supplements (NMN/NR), 1-3x per week for injections (NAD+)
Cycle
No cycling required for oral NMN/NR. For NAD+ injections: some practitioners recommend 4 weeks on, 1 week off. Loading phase option: higher doses for 7-10 days initially, then maintenance.
Stacking Notes
Recommended additions: Resveratrol (500-1000 mg) — activates sirtuins that depend on NAD+. TMG / Trimethylglycine (500-1000 mg) — replenishes methyl donors depleted by NAD+ metabolism. Do NOT combine multiple NAD+ precursors (e.g. NMN + NR) — choose one. Can be combined with other longevity peptides (Epithalon, MOTS-c) in broader anti-aging protocols.

Warning: Consult a physician before starting, especially with cancer history (NAD+ may theoretically support cancer cell proliferation). Avoid during pregnancy/breastfeeding. NAD+ IV infusion may cause temporary flushing, nausea, or headache — slow infusion rate helps. Start with lower doses to assess individual tolerance.

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Stability & Storage

Store in a cool, dry place away from light. NMN is relatively stable at room temperature but benefits from refrigeration for long-term storage. Avoid moisture exposure.

Side Effects & Precautions

Generally well tolerated at doses up to 1200 mg/day in clinical trials. Mild side effects may include nausea, digestive discomfort, and headache. No serious adverse effects reported in published human trials.

Research Use Only. This information is for educational and research purposes only. Not intended for medical advice or self-medication.

Regulatory Status

Approved

NMN is sold as a dietary supplement in most countries. Not approved as a drug. In the US, FDA status has been debated regarding its classification as a supplement vs. investigational drug.

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