Research Applications
Exercise Mimetic
MOTS-c reproduces many metabolic effects of exercise: enhanced fat oxidation, improved insulin sensitivity, increased mitochondrial function. Research positions it as a potential treatment for sedentary-related metabolic disease.
Type 2 Diabetes and Insulin Resistance
Preclinical studies show MOTS-c restores insulin sensitivity in diet-induced obesity models, reduces fasting glucose, and improves glucose tolerance — effects comparable to exercise intervention.
Aging and Longevity
MOTS-c levels decline with age. Supplementation in aged mice improves physical performance, metabolic health, and healthspan, suggesting potential anti-aging applications.
Obesity
MOTS-c prevents diet-induced obesity in animal models through enhanced energy expenditure and fat oxidation, without reducing food intake.
Osteoporosis
Recent research shows MOTS-c promotes osteoblast differentiation and bone formation through AMPK-dependent pathways.
Mechanism of Action
MOTS-c activates AMPK (the master energy sensor) by increasing the AMP/ATP ratio through inhibition of the folate/methionine cycle (reducing de novo purine synthesis). Activated AMPK enhances fatty acid oxidation, glucose uptake, and mitochondrial biogenesis. Uniquely, MOTS-c translocates to the nucleus during metabolic stress, where it interacts with ARE (antioxidant response element) regulators and modulates stress-responsive gene expression. It enhances skeletal muscle glucose uptake independently of insulin through AMPK-mediated GLUT4 translocation.
Biological Pathways
AMPK activation through metabolic shift (folate cycle inhibition). AMPK/ACC/CPT-1 for fat oxidation. AMPK/GLUT4 for insulin-independent glucose uptake. Nuclear translocation for ARE-mediated gene regulation. PGC-1α for mitochondrial biogenesis.
Dosage Information
Calculation Results
Syringe Fill Level (100u syringe)
Protocols
Comprehensive Longevity StackAdvanced⏳Anti-Aging3-6 months
Multi-peptide anti-aging protocol combining telomerase activation, mitochondrial support, and GH optimization.
Warning: Very advanced protocol. Consider blood work monitoring.
Stability & Storage
MOTS-c is supplied as lyophilized powder. Store at -20°C for long-term stability. Reconstitute with bacteriostatic water or sterile saline. Use within 21 days at 2-8°C. In-vivo half-life is relatively short, necessitating daily or frequent administration.
Side Effects & Precautions
Limited human safety data as MOTS-c is primarily in preclinical research. No significant toxicity in animal studies. Theoretical risk of excessive AMPK activation affecting cellular energy balance. Potential for hypoglycemia in combination with diabetes medications.
Research Use Only. This information is for educational and research purposes only. Not intended for medical advice or self-medication.
Regulatory Status
Investigational. Preclinical and early translational research. Not approved by any regulatory authority. Not WADA-prohibited (but classification may evolve as clinical development progresses).
Research Studies
MOTS-c: A Mitochondrial-Encoded Peptide That Regulates Metabolism
Lee C, Zeng J, Drew BG, et al.
MOTS-c Nuclear Translocation During Metabolic Stress
Kim KH, Son JM, Benayoun BA, Lee C.
MOTS-c as an Exercise Mimetic
Reynolds JC, Lai RW, Woodhead JST, et al.
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