31 amino acids

Clinical TrialGrowth Hormone

GHRP-6

Also known as: Growth Hormone Releasing Peptide 6, Growth Hormone Releasing Hexapeptide, GHRP6, SKF-110679, His-D-Trp-Ala-Trp-D-Phe-Lys-NH2

Molecular weight
873.01 Da
Formula
C46H56N12O6
CAS
87616-84-0
Routes
4

GHRP-6 (Growth Hormone Releasing Peptide-6) is a synthetic hexapeptide and one of the first generation growth hormone secretagogues discovered by Dr. Cyril Bowers in the 1980s. It was among the earliest peptides identified to potently stimulate GH release from the pituitary gland, and its discovery ultimately led to the identification of the ghrelin receptor (GHS-R1a) and the endogenous hormone ghrelin itself. GHRP-6 acts as a potent ghrelin receptor agonist, producing robust GH release along with significant appetite stimulation and modest cortisol/prolactin increases. It was the foundational compound that demonstrated peptidic GH secretagogues could effectively stimulate GH release independent of GHRH, opening an entirely new avenue for GH axis research and therapy. While newer, more selective GH secretagogues have been developed (ipamorelin, MK-677), GHRP-6 remains widely used in research and retains importance due to its well-characterized pharmacology, strong GH-releasing potency, and its historical role in elucidating the ghrelin signaling system.

For educational and research purposes only
Last updated:Check the research sources

Section 01

What it's used for

Key Research Tool for GH Science

GHRP-6 is one of the most widely used tools in growth-hormone research, helping scientists map the ghrelin signaling system, understand pituitary cells that make growth hormone, and develop tests used to diagnose growth-hormone deficiency.

HumanIn vitro
Clinical wording

GHRP-6 is one of the most extensively used tools in GH research. It has been instrumental in characterizing the ghrelin/GHS-R1a signaling system, understanding somatotroph physiology, and developing GH stimulation test protocols for diagnosing GH deficiency.

Lean Mass and Fat Research

Research shows GHRP-6 raises growth hormone in a dose-dependent way, linked to more lean mass, better nitrogen retention, and less body fat. Studies found peak levels of 20-50 ng/mL after standard doses, similar to a standard insulin test.

HumanAnimalLimited data
Clinical wording

Research demonstrates GHRP-6 produces dose-dependent GH increases that promote lean body mass, enhance nitrogen retention, and reduce adiposity. Studies show GH peak levels of 20-50 ng/mL following standard doses, comparable to insulin tolerance test responses.

Gut Motility: No Human Efficacy Data

GHRP-6's gut-motility effects are studied only in animals. In rats with post-surgery bowel paralysis, it shortened time to first bowel movement but didn't change stool output or weight gain. The only human study was a 9-person safety trial.

AnimalHumanLimited data
Clinical wording

GHRP-6's prokinetic effects have been studied in animal models of postoperative and septic ileus, not in humans. In a rat postoperative-ileus model, GHRP-6 shortened the time to first bowel movement but had no significant effect on cumulative fecal output, food intake, or weight gain; a separate study examined a mouse sepsis-ileus model, not surgical ileus. The only human GHRP-6 study identified is a phase 1 pharmacokinetics and safety trial in 9 healthy volunteers with no gastrointestinal-motility endpoint, so no clinical efficacy data exist for GHRP-6 itself in post-operative ileus.

Appetite Stimulation in Wasting

GHRP-6 strongly increases appetite, usually a drawback elsewhere. Researchers are studying this for appetite loss and severe wasting from cancer, HIV/AIDS, and other chronic illness, where stimulating hunger could actually be useful.

AnimalLimited data
Clinical wording

The potent orexigenic effect of GHRP-6 has been researched for treating anorexia and cachexia in cancer, HIV/AIDS, and chronic illness, where the appetite stimulation (typically a disadvantage) becomes therapeutically valuable.

Heart Protection Research

Like other growth-hormone-releasing peptides, GHRP-6 is studied for heart-protective effects via a receptor on heart cells. Research shows fewer heart cells dying, better recovery after blocked blood flow, and less heart-tissue scarring.

AnimalLimited data
Clinical wording

Like other GH secretagogues, GHRP-6 demonstrates cardioprotective effects through cardiac GHS-R1a activation. Studies show reduced cardiomyocyte apoptosis, improved post-ischemic recovery, and anti-fibrotic effects in cardiac tissue.

Deep Sleep Research

Researchers observed that GHRP-6 taken before bed increases nighttime growth-hormone pulses and boosts the duration and quality of deep, slow-wave sleep, which may support recovery and tissue regeneration during sleep.

HumanLimited data
Clinical wording

GHRP-6 before bedtime amplifies nocturnal GH pulses and enhances slow-wave sleep duration and quality, contributing to improved recovery and regeneration during sleep.

Section 02

Mechanism of Action

Mechanism 01

Opening the growth hormone valve

  • It binds the hunger-hormone receptor on the pituitary cells that store growth hormone.
  • It was one of the original molecules used to identify that receptor.
  • Binding frees calcium inside the cell, which pushes stored growth hormone out.
Clinical wording

GHS-R1a Receptor Agonism

GHRP-6 binds to the growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a (GHS-R1a) on pituitary somatotroph cells. As one of the original ligands used to characterize this receptor, GHRP-6 activates Gq/11-coupled PLC signaling, triggering IP3-mediated calcium release and PKC activation, driving GH granule exocytosis.

Mechanism 02

Working two brain switches at once

  • In the brain it stimulates the neurons that make the natural growth hormone trigger.
  • At the same time it quietens the neurons producing the braking signal.
  • Both brain actions plus direct gland stimulation give a particularly strong response.
Clinical wording

Hypothalamic Dual Action

GHRP-6 acts at multiple hypothalamic sites: it stimulates GHRH-producing neurons in the arcuate nucleus to increase GHRH release, and simultaneously suppresses somatostatin-producing neurons. This dual hypothalamic action, combined with direct pituitary stimulation, produces a particularly robust GH response.

Mechanism 03

The strongest hunger signal of the group

  • Among growth hormone releasers this one raises appetite the most.
  • It acts on hunger neurons in the brain, triggering vigorous eating within 20 to 30 minutes.
  • The effect mirrors that of ghrelin, the body's own hunger hormone.
Clinical wording

Strong Orexigenic Effect

Among GH secretagogues, GHRP-6 produces the most pronounced appetite stimulation. This occurs through GHS-R1a activation on hypothalamic NPY/AgRP neurons, triggering vigorous feeding behavior within 20-30 minutes of administration. This orexigenic effect directly mirrors that of endogenous ghrelin.

Mechanism 04

Stress and milk hormones rise too

  • It prompts release of the stress-hormone trigger and of prolactin, the milk hormone.
  • Both hormones rise in proportion to the dose given.
  • These off-target effects beat GHRP-2 and ipamorelin but usually stay within normal ranges.
Clinical wording

Cortisol and Prolactin Stimulation

GHRP-6 activates ACTH release from corticotroph cells and prolactin from lactotroph cells, producing dose-dependent elevations of both hormones. These off-target effects are more pronounced than with GHRP-2 or ipamorelin but typically remain within physiological ranges.

Mechanism 05

Moving food through the stomach

  • Receptors in the gut's own nerve network respond to the peptide as well.
  • It speeds stomach movement and acid secretion, copying ghrelin's effect on digestion.
  • Researchers have investigated this property for stomach paralysis after surgery.
Clinical wording

Gastric Motility Enhancement

Through GHS-R1a receptors in the enteric nervous system, GHRP-6 enhances gastric motility and acid secretion, mimicking ghrelin's prokinetic effects. This property has been investigated for post-operative gastroparesis.

Section 03

Biological Pathways

  1. PLC/IP3/Calcium ExocytosisOn somatotrophs, GHS-R1a engages Gq/11 to activate PLC-β; ER calcium release and PKC-mediated channel opening drive the transient needed for GH exocytosis.
  2. NPY/AgRP Appetite CircuitIncreases hypothalamic NPY and AgRP via AMPK and FOXO1, which act on MC4R and Y1/Y5 receptors to drive feeding behavior.
  3. GH/JAK2/STAT5/IGF-1 AxisReleased GH activates JAK2/STAT5 in hepatocytes, driving IGF-1 transcription; IGF-1 then mediates most anabolic effects via PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling.
  4. Vagal-Gut Motility PathwayGHS-R1a on vagal afferent and enteric neurons mediates prokinetic effects by enhancing cholinergic transmission in the myenteric plexus, increasing gastric contractility and transit.

Section 04

Dosage Information

Amino acid sequence
His-D-Trp-Ala-Trp-D-Phe-Lys-NH2
Ranges reported in experimental work
Route / systemContextRange studiedLimitation
Intravenous — dose-findingEighteen healthy men, one injection0.1, 0.3 and 1 µg/kg; peak growth hormone 7.6, 16.5 and 68.7 µg/L against 1.2 on placebo. 1 µg/kg is 70–90 µg at 70–90 kgOne injection, two hours, young men. The receptor also spills cortisol, its pituitary trigger ACTH and prolactin — more at every step up.
Oral — dose-findingTen healthy men, one dose against 1 µg/kg by vein30, 100 and 300 µg/kg by mouth — 300 µg/kg is 21–27 mg at 70–90 kg; peak growth hormone 5.2 to 18 µg/L, against 26 for 1 µg/kg by veinThree hundred times the injected dose for less growth hormone. The two lower doses barely beat placebo, and nothing oral came out of this one-day study.
Intranasal — repeated dosingSix healthy men, single doses then seven repeats5, 15 and 30 µg/kg: peaks of 7.5, 14.1 and 39.6 µg/L growth hormone. 15 µg/kg every 8 hours lifted IGF-1 from 94.5 to 125.8, no fadingSix men, two days. A nasal product is not a mixed vial sprayed up the nose: absorption is all in the formulation, and no one measured a compounded spray.
Subcutaneous — self-administrationCirculating practice, outside any trial100–200 µg per injection, two to three times a day — roughly 1.1–2.9 µg/kg at 70–90 kg; the flat 100 µg is used at any body weightPractice, not a finding. Human dosing was by vein, mouth or nose, once or over a few days; repeated injections, and the hunger reported with them, are untested.
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Research Use Only. This information is for educational and research purposes only. Not intended for medical advice or self-medication.

Section 05

Protocols

No protocols featuring this peptide yet. Browse All Protocols

Section 06

Stability & Storage

  1. Lyophilised powder

    Kept at −20 °C for long-term stability (18–24 months) or at 2–8 °C for up to 6 months. It is sealed away from light and moisture, and reconstituted with bacteriostatic water before use.

  2. After reconstitution

    The resulting solution should stay clear and colourless. It is kept at 2–8 °C and used within 21–28 days.

Section 07

Side Effects & Precautions

GHRP-6 produces the strongest appetite stimulation of the GH secretagogues along with cortisol and prolactin elevation at GH-stimulating doses; its other reported effects are fluid retention, injection-site reactions, transient nerve and head symptoms, and mild stomach discomfort.

  1. Intense hunger

    GHRP-6 produces the strongest appetite stimulation among GH secretagogues: intense hunger occurs 20-30 minutes after injection and lasts 1-2 hours. This is driven by activation of hypothalamic NPY/AgRP and directly mimics the hunger signal of the body's own ghrelin.

  2. Cortisol and prolactin elevation

    At GH-stimulating doses, GHRP-6 raises cortisol by 20-40% and prolactin by 15-30%. These typically stay within physiological ranges, but the elevations distinguish GHRP-6 from more selective alternatives and may be relevant with chronic use.

  3. Fluid retention and injection-site reactions

    • Fluid retention in the face and limbs is common early on, driven by GH-stimulated sodium retention in the kidneys; it typically resolves within 2-4 weeks.
    • Mild pain, redness, and occasionally small welts at injection sites are common and self-limiting.
  4. Nerve, dizziness, and headache effects

    • Tingling and numbness resembling carpal tunnel syndrome may occur in the hands with sustained GH elevation; this is dose-dependent and reverses with a lower dose.
    • Brief lightheadedness or mild headache may occur after injection, typically resolving within 30-60 minutes.
  5. Gastric effects

    Increased stomach acid secretion may cause mild stomach discomfort in some users, particularly when the peptide is taken on an empty stomach.

Section 08

Regulatory Status

GHRP-6 is not approved by the FDA, the EMA or most regulators for any clinical use.

It exists only as an investigational research compound, studied in academic settings but never carried through to a marketed drug.

  1. FDA / EMA

    Not approved for any therapeutic use

    No major regulator has cleared GHRP-6 for human use. It is sold by peptide synthesis companies strictly for laboratory research, with no approved label, dose or pharmaceutical quality standard behind it.

  2. Clinical research status

    Used only in IRB-approved studies

    GHRP-6 has appeared in numerous investigator-led studies under institutional review board approval, but it has never gone through the formal Phase 3 process that drug approval requires in most jurisdictions.

  3. WADA

    Prohibited under category S2

    The WADA Prohibited List names GHRP-6 explicitly as a growth hormone-releasing peptide, alongside GHRP-1, -2, -3, -4 and -5. It was among the first GH secretagogues added to the list, banned in and out of competition.

Regulatory status differs between countries and changes over time. Use in an IRB-approved study is not the same thing as drug approval — check the current rules of your own regulator and, for athletes, the current WADA list before relying on any of this.

Section 09

Research Studies

  1. [1]On the in Vitro and in Vivo Activity of a New Synthetic Hexapeptide that Acts on the Pituitary to Specifically Release Growth HormoneBowers CY, Momany F, Reynolds GA, Hong A. · Endocrinology · 1984
  2. [2]On the Actions of the Growth Hormone-Releasing Hexapeptide, GHRPBowers CY, Sartor AO, Reynolds GA, Badger TM. · Endocrinology · 1991
  3. [3]Growth Hormone (GH)-Releasing Peptide Stimulates GH Release in Normal Men and Acts Synergistically with GH-Releasing HormoneBowers CY, Reynolds GA, Durham D, Barrera CM, Pezzoli SS, Thorner MO. · Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · 1990
  4. [4]GH Releasing Peptides - Structure and KineticsBowers CY. · Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism · 1993
  5. [5]A Receptor in Pituitary and Hypothalamus That Functions in Growth Hormone ReleaseHoward AD, Feighner SD, Cully DF, et al. · Science · 1996
  6. [6]Ghrelin is a growth-hormone-releasing acylated peptide from stomachKojima M, Hosoda H, Date Y, Nakazato M, Matsuo H, Kangawa K. · Nature · 1999
  7. [7]Induction of c-fos Messenger Ribonucleic Acid in Neuropeptide Y and Growth Hormone (GH)-Releasing Factor Neurons in the Rat Arcuate Nucleus Following Systemic Injection of the GH Secretagogue, GH-Releasing Peptide-6Dickson SL, Luckman SM. · Endocrinology · 1997
  8. [8]Central effects of growth hormone-releasing hexapeptide (GHRP-6) on growth hormone release are inhibited by central somatostatin actionFairhall KM, Mynett A, Robinson ICAF. · Journal of Endocrinology · 1995
  9. [9]Growth Hormone-Releasing Peptide-6 Stimulates Sleep, Growth Hormone, ACTH and Cortisol Release in Normal ManFrieboes RM, Murck H, Maier P, Schier T, Holsboer F, Steiger A. · Neuroendocrinology · 1995
  10. [10]Comparison of the gastroprokinetic effects of ghrelin, GHRP-6 and motilin in rats in vivo and in vitroDepoortere I, De Winter B, Thijs T, et al. · European Journal of Pharmacology · 2005

Section 10

Frequently Asked Questions

Yes, at raising growth hormone in controlled human trials — this is a well-established, dose-dependent effect. In one trial, 18 healthy men given a single injection showed peak GH levels of 7.6, 16.5, and 68.7 µg/L at doses of 0.1, 0.3, and 1 µg/kg respectively, against 1.2 µg/L on placebo. GHRP-6's other claimed benefits, like fat loss or body-composition change from repeated use, are far less studied; the trials that exist measured single-dose or short-course hormone responses, not weeks-long outcomes on muscle or fat.

Yes — GHRP-6 produces the strongest appetite stimulation among the GH-releasing peptides in this family, working through the same hypothalamic hunger circuits (NPY/AgRP neurons) that ghrelin itself activates. The hunger typically starts 20 to 30 minutes after injection and lasts 1 to 2 hours. This is why GHRP-6 has also been researched for appetite-wasting conditions like cancer cachexia, where stimulating appetite is the goal rather than a side effect.

Poorly, based on the one study that tested it. Ten healthy men received oral doses of 30, 100, or 300 µg/kg — the highest being 300 times the effective injected dose by weight — and even that produced a lower peak GH (18 µg/L) than a modest 1 µg/kg injection (26 µg/L). The two lower oral doses barely beat placebo. No oral GHRP-6 product came out of that single one-day study, so tablets sold as GHRP-6 do not have supporting human efficacy data behind them.

The evidence base does not include a formal half-life or clearance figure for GHRP-6. What is documented is the speed of its biological effects: appetite starts rising within 20 to 30 minutes of injection, and in the dose-finding trial, growth hormone was measured as an acute peak from a single injection. There is no published data on how long repeated dosing needs to run before an effect like fat loss or lean mass would show up.

Beyond intense hunger, GHRP-6 raises cortisol by 20 to 40% and prolactin by 15 to 30% at GH-stimulating doses — larger increases than GHRP-2 or ipamorelin produce. Other reported effects include water retention in the face and extremities that usually eases within 2 to 4 weeks, mild injection-site reactions, tingling or numbness with sustained use, brief dizziness or headache after dosing, and stomach discomfort from increased gastric acid secretion.

No major regulator — not the FDA, not the EMA — has approved GHRP-6 for any clinical use; it remains an investigational research compound, studied under institutional review board oversight but never taken through phase 3 approval. WADA prohibits it under category S2 (peptide hormones and growth factors), both in and out of competition — GHRP-6 was among the first GH secretagogues added to that list.

Self-administration circulates at 100 to 200 µg per injection, two to three times a day — roughly 1.1 to 2.9 µg/kg for a 70-90 kg adult. That pattern of repeated daily injections has never actually been tested in a trial: the published human research dosed it once or over just a couple of days, by vein, mouth, or nose, so there is no study behind the repeated-injection regimen people actually use.